Detect overlapping date ranges from the same table

I have a table with the following data

PKey  Start       End         Type
====  =====       ===         ====
01    01/01/2010  14/01/2010  S
02    15/01/2010  31/01/2010  S
03    05/01/2010  06/01/2010  A

And want to get the following results

PKey  Start       End         Type
====  =====       ===         ====
01    01/01/2010  14/01/2010  S
03    05/01/2010  06/01/2010  A

Any ideas on where to start? A lot of the reading I’ve done suggests I need to create entries and for each day and join on matching days, is this the only way?

Answer

If you already have entries for each day that should work, but if you don’t the overhead is significant, and if that query is used often, if will affect performance.

If the data is in this format, you can detect overlaps using simple date arithmetic, because an overlap is simply one interval starting after a given interval, but before the given is finished, something like

select dr1.* from date_ranges dr1
inner join date_ranges dr2
on dr2.start > dr1.start -- start after dr1 is started
  and dr2.start < dr1.end -- start before dr1 is finished

If you need special handling for interval that are wholly within another interval, or you need to merge intervals, i.e.

PKey  Start       End         Type
====  =====       ===         ====
01    01/01/2010  20/01/2010  S
02    15/01/2010  31/01/2010  S

yielding

Start       End         Type
=====       ===         ====
01/01/2010  31/01/2010  S

you will need more complex calculation.

In my experience with this kind of problems, once you get how to do the calculation by hand, it’s easy to transfer it into SQL 🙂